... used to refer to a task to be performed in the future and hence the contract would contemplate future performance by one or more of the parties. The word "promise" can also be used as giving an undertaking / making a representation about an existing fact. In most contracts promises relate to a matter of fact where goods are sold for cash. Such transactions rarely require future performance and the main promise likely to be discussed during a dispute would relate to the quality of the goods sold. The three main types of promises which will be discussed are gratuitous, unilateral and mutual promises. All of them are concerned with future performance. There is a concept known as 'contract under seal'. This is where a person accepts an obligation and expresses his intention to carry out that obligation on paper, attaches his seal and delivers it as a deed. This ...

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